Coaching Young Athletes: Recognising Signs of Substance Misuse

Coaches play an important role in the lives of young athletes. Beyond teaching technical skills and improving performance, they often become trusted mentors who help shape confidence, discipline and resilience. This close relationship also means coaches may be among the first adults to notice when something isn't quite right.

Substance misuse is something that’s becoming more commonplace among young people, from the rise in cocaine abuse to turning to alcohol to deal with the rising stresses and pressures faced daily. While it is a sensitive subject, recognising potential warning signs and responding appropriately can make a significant difference to a young person's wellbeing.

Of course, there are many reasons why there may be changes in behaviour or performance, and it doesn’t immediately mean they are abusing alcohol or drugs, but recognising the signs can help up a conversation in which you can support them, whether it be with alcohol detoxification, or understanding any difficulties they may be facing.

Why Young Athletes May Be at Risk

Sport provides many protective benefits, including structure, positive friendships and healthy routines. However, young athletes are not immune to the pressures that can contribute to substance misuse.

Some may experience peer pressure at parties or social gatherings where alcohol or drugs are present. Others may struggle with the stress of competition, fear of failure, injuries or balancing sport with education and family commitments. In some cases, curiosity or a desire to fit in can also lead to experimentation.

Understanding these pressures helps coaches approach concerns with empathy rather than judgement.

Changes in Performance

One of the first signs that something may be affecting a young athlete is an unexpected decline in performance. A player who was previously focused and motivated may suddenly appear distracted, fatigued or uninterested in training.

You might notice reduced stamina, slower reaction times, poor concentration or difficulty following instructions. Attendance at training sessions may become inconsistent, or the athlete may begin arriving late without explanation.

While these changes don't necessarily indicate substance misuse, they do suggest that a conversation may be appropriate.

Behavioural and Emotional Changes

Substance misuse can sometimes be accompanied by noticeable changes in behaviour or mood. A normally sociable athlete may become withdrawn, unusually secretive or isolated from teammates.

Others may display increased irritability, mood swings or emotional outbursts that seem out of character. Loss of motivation, declining confidence or sudden changes in friendship groups may also be worth noting.

It's important to look for patterns rather than isolated incidents. Teenagers naturally experience emotional ups and downs, so consistent or significant changes are more likely to warrant attention.

Physical Signs

Certain physical changes may also raise concerns. Persistent tiredness, bloodshot eyes, poor coordination, noticeable weight changes or a decline in personal appearance can sometimes indicate that a young person is struggling.

Frequent unexplained illnesses or injuries may also affect participation in sport.

However, these signs have many possible causes and should never be used to make assumptions about substance use. The aim is to recognise when additional support may be needed rather than attempting to diagnose a problem.

Creating a Supportive Environment

The best way to encourage young athletes to seek help is by creating an environment where they feel respected and supported. Coaches who build positive relationships based on trust are more likely to notice when something changes and more likely to be approached if an athlete is facing difficulties.

Promoting healthy habits, discussing wellbeing openly and reinforcing that asking for help is a sign of strength all contribute to a positive team culture.

Education about alcohol, vaping and drugs can also be incorporated into wider conversations about nutrition, recovery, sleep and overall performance.

How to Respond if You're Concerned

If you're worried about a young athlete, choose an appropriate time to speak privately and calmly. Focus on the changes you've observed rather than making accusations.

For example, you might say, "I've noticed you seem quieter than usual and you've missed a few training sessions recently. Is everything okay?" This approach opens the door for conversation without placing the young person on the defensive.

If safeguarding concerns exist or you believe a young person's health or safety is at risk, follow your club's safeguarding procedures and involve the appropriate parents, guardians or designated safeguarding lead where necessary. Coaches should avoid trying to manage serious concerns on their own.

Supporting the Person, Not Just the Athlete

Above all, coaches should remember that every young athlete is a young person first. Their wellbeing is more important than results, performances or trophies.

By recognising potential warning signs, encouraging open communication and responding with compassion, coaches can help ensure that young people receive the support they need at an early stage. In many cases, a trusted adult simply taking the time to notice, listen and offer guidance can have a lasting positive impact.